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AGA GAFRB Exam Syllabus Topics:
Topic
Details
Topic 1
- State and Local Financial Accounting and Reporting: This section of the exam measures skills of public sector accountants and focuses on applying GASB standards to define reporting entities and component units. It explores the structure and purpose of various fund types and the basis of accounting for each. Candidates must understand the format and content of the Annual Comprehensive Financial Report and the purpose of popular reports for public transparency.
Topic 2
- Federal Financial Accounting and Reporting: This section of the exam measures skills of government financial analysts and covers the roles of FASAB, OMB, Treasury, and GAO in federal accounting. It includes an understanding of federal budgetary terminology and the federal budgetary equation. The section differentiates between budgetary and proprietary accounting and outlines the structure and use of various federal fund types. It explains how to record key budgetary transactions like appropriations and obligations and proprietary transactions such as payroll and depreciation.
Topic 3
- Governmental Financial Accounting, Reporting and Budgeting: General Knowledge:This section of the exam measures skills of government financial analysts and covers the unique aspects of governmental accounting that distinguish it from private sector practices, such as service over profit and the critical role of the budget. It emphasizes the objectives of financial reporting in the public sector, the role of standard-setting bodies like GASB, FASB, FASAB, and IPSASB, and the due process for setting accounting standards. It also includes knowledge of interperiod equity, budgetary compliance, sustainability, and the characteristics of quality financial information.
AGA Examination 2: Governmental Accounting, Financial Reporting and Budgeting (GAFRB) Sample Questions (Q114-Q119):
NEW QUESTION # 114
In exchange and exchange-like transactions the government
- A. neither gives up nor receives assets.
- B. provides service at no cost to the user.
- C. receives value without directly giving up value in return.
- D. receives value and gives up essentially the same value.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation:
In governmental accounting, an exchange transaction occurs when each party receives and gives up essentially equal value. Exchange-like transactions are similar but may lack one or more of the characteristics of a pure exchange (e.g., pricing may not be market-based).
Examples:
A city charges fees for utilities: the user pays for services and the city provides equivalent value.
Grants and taxes are nonexchange transactions because the payer does not receive a direct, equivalent benefit in return.
Relevant References:
GASB Statement No. 33 - Accounting and Financial Reporting for Nonexchange Transactions GASB Concepts Statement No. 4 - Elements of Financial Statements B). receives value and gives up essentially the same value.
NEW QUESTION # 115
A federal agency should recognize an accounts receivable when
- A. claims to cash against other entities are established.
- B. taxes are expected to be received at a future date.
- C. orders are accepted for goods that are to be provided.
- D. agreements to provide services are received.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive Detailed Explanation:
According to FASAB Statement of Federal Financial Accounting Standards (SFFAS) No. 1, an accounts receivable should be recognized when a legal claim to cash exists - that is, when the federal agency has provided goods or services or an enforceable claim to payment has arisen.
This typically occurs after performance has occurred, not merely when an agreement or order is received.
Relevant References:
FASAB SFFAS No. 1 - Accounting for Selected Assets and Liabilities
Treasury Financial Manual (TFM) - Receivables Accounting
OMB Circular A-136 - Financial Reporting Requirements
A). claims to cash against other entities are established
NEW QUESTION # 116
What is the entry when rent of $500 is paid?
- A. debit expense S500, credit payables $500
- B. debit cash $500, credit expense $500
- C. debit expense $500, credit cash $500
- D. debit cash $500, credit payables $500
Answer: C
Explanation:
When a payment is made for rent, an expense is incurred and cash is reduced. The correct journal entry is:
Debit Rent Expense $500 # to recognize the cost
Credit Cash $500 # to reflect the cash outflow
D). debit expense $500, credit cash $500
Relevant References:
FASAB SFFAS No. 4 - Managerial Cost Accounting Concepts and Standards
Basic governmental and commercial accounting journal entry conventions
NEW QUESTION # 117
The Prompt Payment Act requires federal agencies to
- A. pay invoices when received.
- B. pay invoices no later than sixty days from receiving the invoice.
- C. pay invoices by the invoice due date.
- D. take discounts when economically justified.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Prompt Payment Act (31 U.S.C. Chapter 39) mandates that federal agencies pay vendors on time.
Specifically, if a contract specifies a due date for payment, agencies are required to pay by that date. If no specific due date is mentioned, payment must be made within 30 days after the later of either:
Receipt of a proper invoice, or
Acceptance of goods/services.
If agencies fail to pay by the due date, they must automatically calculate and pay interest penalties to the vendor.
Relevant Standards and References:
31 U.S.C. § 3903 (Prompt Payment Act): "A payment is timely if it is made by the due date prescribed by the contract or within 30 days after receipt of a proper invoice or acceptance of goods or services." OMB Circular A-125, "Prompt Payment," Section 7(a) Treasury Financial Manual (TFM), Volume I, Part 6, Chapter 8040 Therefore, Option D is correct.
NEW QUESTION # 118
The Department of the Interior has the following costs associated with the development of a new visitor tracking system.
Research cost determining if system should be internally or externally developed $100,000 Software configuration and system development $750,000 Cost of testing the new system for fiscal usage $225,000 Converting data from old tracking system to new tracking system $500,000 How much should be capitalized as the cost of the asset?
- A. $975,000
- B. $1,575,000
- C. $750,000
- D. $1,475,000
Answer: A
Explanation:
FASAB SFFAS No. 10 (Accounting for Internal Use Software) provides guidance for capitalizing software development costs. The following costs are capitalized:
Software configuration and development: $750,000
Testing for functionality (ready for use): $225,000
These fall within the "software development stage."
The following are not capitalized:
Research costs (e.g., feasibility studies): $100,000 # Expense
Data conversion costs: $500,000 # Expense (unless part of application development, which it's not here) Capitalized total = $750,000 + $225,000 = $975,000 Relevant References:
FASAB SFFAS No. 10 - Accounting for Internal Use Software
OMB Circular A-136 - Capitalization Guidance
Treasury Financial Manual (TFM) - Capital Assets
B). $975,000
NEW QUESTION # 119
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