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The CKS certification is a valuable credential for IT professionals who work with Kubernetes. Certified Kubernetes Security Specialist (CKS) certification demonstrates to potential employers that the candidate has the knowledge and skills needed to secure Kubernetes clusters and workloads. Certified Kubernetes Security Specialist (CKS) certification is also a great way for IT professionals to advance their careers and increase their earning potential. With the growing demand for Kubernetes experts, the CKS Certification is a great way to stand out in a crowded job market.

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The Easy4Engine offers latest Certified Kubernetes Security Specialist (CKS) CKS exam questions and answers, with Linux Foundation CKS exam practice test questions you can ace your Linux Foundation CKS exam preparation simply and quickly and pass the final CKS Exam easily. The Linux Foundation CKS exam practice test questions will assist you in Linux Foundation CKS exam preparation.

Linux Foundation Certified Kubernetes Security Specialist (CKS) Sample Questions (Q127-Q132):

NEW QUESTION # 127
Describe now you would design a security posture for a Kubernetes cluster using the CIS Kubernetes Benchmark as a guideline. Include key areas to focus on, relevant security controls, and how you would monitor and enforce compliance with the benchmark.

Answer:

Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Review CIS Kubernetes Benchmark:
- Thoroughly familiarize yourself With the CIS Kubernetes Benchmark, which outlines security best practices and controls.
2. Assess Current Security Posture:
- Audit the current security configuration of your Kubernetes cluster against the CIS benchmark. This includes:
- Cluster Access Control: Verity that access iS restricted to authorized users and accounts.
- Authentication and Authorization: Ensure that strong authentication mechanisms are in place and that roles are properly assigned.
- Image Security: Review the security of images used in your deployments, ensuring they are from trusted sources and have appropriate security measures.
- Network Security: Implement network policies to restrict communication between pods and enforce least-privilege access.
- Pod Security: Define PodSecurityPoIicies to control resources and capabilities available to pods.
- Logging and Monitoring: Configure robust logging and monitoring systems to detect and respond to security incidents.
3. Develop Security Controls:
- Implement security controls based on the CIS benchmark findings. This may include:
- RBAC (Role-Based Access Control): Use RBAC to define granular permissions for users and service accounts.
- Network Policies: Implement network policies to restrict inter-pod communication and external access.
- Admission Controllers: Use admission controllers like PodSecurityPolicy and NetworkPolicy to enforce security policies before deployments are allowed.
- Image Scanning: Regularly scan container images for vulnerabilities.
- Secret Management: Securely manage and store sensitive information using Kubernetes Secrets.
- Logging and Monitoring: Configure centralized logging and monitoring systems to track activity and identity security events.
4. Monitor and Enforce Compliance:
- Continuously monitor the cluster's security posture against the CIS benchmark using tools like:
- Kube-bench: A tool for assessing Kubernetes security posture.
- CIS Kubernetes Benchmark Scanner A dedicated scanner for compliance checks.
- Custom Monitoring Tools: Develop custom tools to monitor specific aspects of the cluster.
- Implement mechanisms to automate security cnecks and enforce compliance. This could involve:
- Automated Security Scanning: Schedule regular security scans.
- Alerting: Configure alerts for security events and non-compliant configurations.
- Remediation: Implement automated remediation actions for security vulnerabilities.
5. Continuous Improvement:
- Regularly review and update the security posture to stay ahead of evolving threats.
- Keep up with the latest security recommendations and updates to the CIS Kubernetes Benchmark.
- Conduct security training for team members to promote awareness and best practices.

NEW QUESTION # 128
Fix all issues via configuration and restart the affected components to ensure the new setting takes effect.
Fix all of the following violations that were found against the API server:- a. Ensure that the RotateKubeletServerCertificate argument is set to true.
b. Ensure that the admission control plugin PodSecurityPolicy is set.
c. Ensure that the --kubelet-certificate-authority argument is set as appropriate.
Fix all of the following violations that were found against the Kubelet:- a. Ensure the --anonymous-auth argument is set to false.
b. Ensure that the --authorization-mode argument is set to Webhook.
Fix all of the following violations that were found against the ETCD:-
a. Ensure that the --auto-tls argument is not set to true
b. Ensure that the --peer-auto-tls argument is not set to true
Hint: Take the use of Tool Kube-Bench

Answer:

Explanation:
Fix all of the following violations that were found against the API server:- a. Ensure that the RotateKubeletServerCertificate argument is set to true.
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
creationTimestamp: null
labels:
component: kubelet
tier: control-plane
name: kubelet
namespace: kube-system
spec:
containers:
- command:
- kube-controller-manager
+ - --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true
image: gcr.io/google_containers/kubelet-amd64:v1.6.0
livenessProbe:
failureThreshold: 8
httpGet:
host: 127.0.0.1
path: /healthz
port: 6443
scheme: HTTPS
initialDelaySeconds: 15
timeoutSeconds: 15
name: kubelet
resources:
requests:
cpu: 250m
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /etc/kubernetes/
name: k8s
readOnly: true
- mountPath: /etc/ssl/certs
name: certs
- mountPath: /etc/pki
name: pki
hostNetwork: true
volumes:
- hostPath:
path: /etc/kubernetes
name: k8s
- hostPath:
path: /etc/ssl/certs
name: certs
- hostPath:
path: /etc/pki
name: pki
b. Ensure that the admission control plugin PodSecurityPolicy is set.
audit: "/bin/ps -ef | grep $apiserverbin | grep -v grep"
tests:
test_items:
- flag: "--enable-admission-plugins"
compare:
op: has
value: "PodSecurityPolicy"
set: true
remediation: |
Follow the documentation and create Pod Security Policy objects as per your environment.
Then, edit the API server pod specification file $apiserverconf
on the master node and set the --enable-admission-plugins parameter to a value that includes PodSecurityPolicy :
--enable-admission-plugins=...,PodSecurityPolicy,...
Then restart the API Server.
scored: true
c. Ensure that the --kubelet-certificate-authority argument is set as appropriate.
audit: "/bin/ps -ef | grep $apiserverbin | grep -v grep"
tests:
test_items:
- flag: "--kubelet-certificate-authority"
set: true
remediation: |
Follow the Kubernetes documentation and setup the TLS connection between the apiserver and kubelets. Then, edit the API server pod specification file
$apiserverconf on the master node and set the --kubelet-certificate-authority parameter to the path to the cert file for the certificate authority.
--kubelet-certificate-authority=<ca-string>
scored: true
Fix all of the following violations that were found against the ETCD:-
a. Ensure that the --auto-tls argument is not set to true
Edit the etcd pod specification file $etcdconf on the master
node and either remove the --auto-tls parameter or set it to false.
--auto-tls=false
b. Ensure that the --peer-auto-tls argument is not set to true
Edit the etcd pod specification file $etcdconf on the master
node and either remove the --peer-auto-tls parameter or set it to false.
--peer-auto-tls=false

NEW QUESTION # 129
You are running a Kubernetes cluster with several sensitive applications. You need to restrict access to the cluster from external sources to only the IP addresses of your development team's laptops. HOW can you implement this using Network Policies?

Answer:

Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Define Network Policy: Create a NetworkPolicy YAML file named 'restrict-external-access.yaml

- Replace with the namespace where your sensitive applications are deployed. - Replace with the IP range of your development team's laptops. For example, '192.168.1.0/24' or a specific set of IP addresses. 2. Apply Network Policy: use 'kubectl' to apply the NetworkPolicy to your Kubernetes cluster. bash kubectl apply -f restrict-external-access-yaml 3. Verify Network Policy: Verify the NetworkPolicy is applied correctly: bash kubectl get networkpolicies -n You should see the 'restrict-external-access NetworkPolicy listed. 4. Test Access: Try accessing the cluster from an external IP address outside of the defined range. You should be blocked. Access from within the defined IP range should be allowed. This NetworkP01icy restricts ingress traffic to pods Within the specified namespace. It allows connections from the specified IP range C') and blocks all other external connections. Important Note: Ensure your firewall and other network security measures are properly configured to work in conjunction with the NetworkPolicy.

NEW QUESTION # 130
You have a Kubernetes cluster running a web application deployment named 'web-app' that uses a service account called 'web-app-sa' The 'web-app-sa' has been granted the necessary RBAC roles and permissions to access specific resources in the cluster. You want to implement a strategy to prevent the 'web-app' deployment from using unauthorized service accounts that might be accidentally created or added to the deployment spec.

Answer:

Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a Service Account for the Web Applicatiom
- Create a Service Account YAML file named 'web-app-sa.yaml

2. Create a Role for the Service Account: - Create a Role YAML file named 'web-app-role.yaml to grant the necessary permissions to the 'web-app-sa':

3. Bind the Role to the Service Account: - Create a ROIeBinding YAML file named 'web-app-rolebinding.yamr to bind the 'web-app-roles to the 'web-app-sa':

4. Create tne Web Application Deployment: - Create a Deployment YAML file named 'web-app-deployment.yaml that specifies the 'web-app-sa' and any other necessary configuration:

5. Apply the Service Account, Role, RoleBinding, and Deployment: - Apply the YAML files using kubectl apply -f web-app-sa.yaml web-app-role.yaml web-app-rolebinding.yaml web-app-deployment.yaml 6. Test With unauthorized Service Accounts: - Try creating a new Service Account (e.g., 'unauthorized-sa') and adding it to the 'web-app-deployment YAML file. - Try updating the deployment. This should fail because the unauthorized service account does not have the necessary permissions. - You can also try creating a pod with the unauthorized service account to see that it cannot access resources it doesn't have permission for. By following these steps, you effectively enforce a policy that ensures the 'web-app' deployment only uses the authorized 'web-app-sa' for resource access, mitigating the risks associated with unauthorized service account usage.

NEW QUESTION # 131
You can switch the cluster/configuration context using the following command:
[desk@cli] $ kubectl config use-context dev
A default-deny NetworkPolicy avoid to accidentally expose a Pod in a namespace that doesn't have any other NetworkPolicy defined.
Task: Create a new default-deny NetworkPolicy named deny-network in the namespace test for all traffic of type Ingress + Egress The new NetworkPolicy must deny all Ingress + Egress traffic in the namespace test.
Apply the newly created default-deny NetworkPolicy to all Pods running in namespace test.
You can find a skeleton manifests file at /home/cert_masters/network-policy.yaml

Answer:

Explanation:
master1 $ k get pods -n test --show-labels
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE LABELS
test-pod 1/1 Running 0 34s role=test,run=test-pod
testing 1/1 Running 0 17d run=testing
$ vim netpol.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: deny-network
namespace: test
spec:
podSelector: {}
policyTypes:
- Ingress
- Egress
master1 $ k apply -f netpol.yaml
Explanation
controlplane $ k get pods -n test --show-labels
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE LABELS
test-pod 1/1 Running 0 34s role=test,run=test-pod
testing 1/1 Running 0 17d run=testing
master1 $ vim netpol1.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: deny-network
namespace: test
spec:
podSelector: {}
policyTypes:
- Ingress
- Egress
master1 $ k apply -f netpol1.yaml Reference: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/network-policies/ Reference:
master1 $ k apply -f netpol1.yaml Reference: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/network-policies/ Explanation controlplane $ k get pods -n test --show-labels NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE LABELS test-pod 1/1 Running 0 34s role=test,run=test-pod testing 1/1 Running 0 17d run=testing master1 $ vim netpol1.yaml apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 kind: NetworkPolicy metadata:
name: deny-network
namespace: test
spec:
podSelector: {}
policyTypes:
- Ingress
- Egress
master1 $ k apply -f netpol1.yaml Reference: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/network-policies/ master1 $ k apply -f netpol1.yaml Reference: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/network-policies/

NEW QUESTION # 132
......

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Nathan Wright Nathan Wright

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